Production of temperate fruits in subtropical and tropical regions of the world is rapidly increasing. This project was developed in response to a formal approach from the Thai government concerning this industry.
There is a growing demand by the emerging Asian middle class for temperate stone fruit, which fetch much higher prices than the abundant, local tropical fruit. Regions in northern Thailand are climatically suitable for growing such fruit and, because of the high value of the product, this enterprise should help stem the movement of rural people from those regions to the cities. It would also offer an economically viable alternative to the growing of opium poppies. In addition, fruit tree growing in these hilly regions is a far more sustainable use of land than the current practices of shifting agriculture and arable cropping.
The main problems that stopped previous attempts at establishing this industry in Thailand have recently been identified. Fortunately, pests and diseases are not major constraints as the generally dry conditions during the fruit development phase inhibit attack.
Stone and pome fruit are also traditional fruits consumed in Australia. The local industry has rapidly expanded from a base of sales worth less than $1 million in 1980 to a value of $60 million in 1995. The value of the industry is likely to double over the next 10 years. There is considerable export potential to Asian countries, as Australian-produced fruit will come into season at complementary times.
The project aims to develop a sustainable temperate fruit industry (for low-chill varieties) in Thailand to help fulfil the considerable market potential for temperate fruits in Southeast Asia. The most suitable germplasm and the best growing locations will be identified. Models predicting growth rates and fruit quality will be developed. Experience gained should also help in the further development of the growing Australian low-chill temperate stone-fruit industry.
There are five main strands to this project. The work will start with an evaluation of the most suitable fruit varieties for sites in Australia and Thailand. After examining the role of cultural practices, the researchers will develop a decision-support system for growers, incorporating information on crop protection and marketing. Thai and Australian growers will be trained and a business plan will be developed for future joint marketing ventures.
Experiments will be conducted at sites in Australia and Thailand on the various factors affecting yield and quality. In particular, summer pruning, water stress, and the effects of nitrogen and growth regulants will be studied. Sites will also be established to demonstrate correct management practices, to conduct training sessions and carry out further research.
Links:
[1] http://www.aciar.gov.au/country/Thailand
[2] http://www.aciar.gov.au/programarea/Crop Improvement and Management